1998 Society for Neuroscience Meeting: Complement Cascade Activation by Neurofibrillary Tangles
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The complement cascade is a complex inflammatory process that can mediate diverse functions, from targeting cells and cellular components for phagocytosis to membrane attack complex-mediated cell death. In this context, there are 20 or more individual proteins that participate in the complement cascade. Immunoreactivity for a wide variety of complement proteins, e.g., C1q and the terminal membrane attack complex (MAC or C5b-9), has been reported in association with both β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in AD brain. Previous work by several laboratories, including that of Joseph Rogers and Andrea Tenner, has demonstrated that β-amyloid 1-42 can activate complement and bind complement proteins including the C1q A chain. In a newer study, Rogers et al. report that a purified fraction of isolated NFTs can also activate a complement response (Abstract 502.10). Recombinant tau also activated terminal complement in a dose-dependent manner nearly as efficiently as synthetic Aβ 1-42. Further, a fraction of isolated tau that formed fibrils, as compared to soluble recombinant tau, activated complement even more strongly. These data may suggest that both β-amyloid plaques and NTFs could serve as chronic mediators of an inflammatory response in the AD brain.—Aileen Anderson
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